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Signals and systems



Introduction to continuous- and discrete-time signals and systems with emphasis on Fourier analysis. Wide-ranging examples include acoustical, mechanical, and electrical signals and systems. Notion of causality, linearity, time-invariance and periodicity Fourier series, discrete- and continuous-time Fourier transforms, frequency response and impulse response, stability.


The course presumes an understanding of differential equations and basic circuit analysis. Knowledge of MATLAB programming is also useful in this course.



Module 00 - Course introduction





Introduction.



0.1 Course Introduction

0.2 "What is Signals and Systems?"



Module 01 - Energy and power





An introduction to the modeling of signals as well as the calculation of the power and energy they are carrying, in discrete- and continuous-time.



1.1 Signal Energy and Power

1.2 Examples of Continuous-Time Energy and Power

1.3 Examples of Discrete-Time Energy and Power

Problem Set 01 - Energy, Power​



Module 02 - Time Transformations, Complex Exponentials





Learn basic transformations and signal properties by analyzing the role of the independent variable in discrete and continuous time. Also, review complex numbers and the relationship between exponentials and sinusoids in discrete and continuous time.



1.4 Time Transformations

1.5 Examples of CT and DT Time Transformations

1.6 Periodicity and Fundamental Period

1.7 Symmetry and Symmetrical Decomposition

1.8 Examples of CT and DT Symmetrical Decomposition

Problem Set 02 - Time Transformations


1.9 CT Exponentials and Sinusoidal Signals

1.10 Examples of Complex Numbers Manipulation

1.11 Examples of Fundamental Frequency in CT Sinusoids

1.12 DT Sinusoids

1.13 Examples of Fundamental Frequency in DT Sinusoids

Problem Set 03 - Complex Numbers and Sinusoids



Module 03 - The Impulse, Step and System Properties





This module covers the discrete- and continuous-time impulse and step functions, two functions that are integral to the study of signals and systems. This module is also an introduction to systems and their mathematical properties.



1.14 DT Impulse and Step Functions

1.15 CT Impulse and Step Functions

1.16 Examples Working with DT and CT Impulse and Step Functions

Problem Set 04 - Impulse and Step


2.1 Block Diagrams and Some Basic Systems

2.2 Memory and Causality

2.3 Examples of Memory and Causality

2.4 Invertibility and Stability

2.5 Examples of Invertibility and Stability

Problem Set 05 - System Properties



module 04 - more system properties: linearity and time-invariance





Learn the two most important properties to the study of signals and systems: linearity and time-invariance.



2.6 Linearity and Time-Invariance

2.7 Examples of Linearity and Time-Invariance

Problem Set 06 - Linearity and Time-Invariance



module 05 - convolution





Given only how the LTI system responds to an impulse, one can find the output of the system due to any input using the mathematical operation known as convolution. Learn discrete- and continuous-time convolution in this module.



3.1 Introduction to LTI Systems

3.2 The DT Convolution Operation

3.3 Example of DT Convolution 1

3.4 Example of DT Convolution 2

3.5 Example of DT Convolution 3

Problem Set 07 - Discrete-Time Convolution


3.6 The CT Convolution Operation

3.7 Example of CT Convolution 1

3.8 Example of CT Convolution 2

3.9 Example of CT Convolution 3

Problem Set 08 - Continuous-Time Convolution



module 06 - LTI systems and convolution, difference and differential equations





Don't get caught up in the math! Always keep an engineering perspective! This module covers the application of convolution in engineering and also how difference and differential equations can be used to describe causal discrete- and continuous-time LTI systems.



3.10 Mathematical Properties of Convolution

3.11 Memoryless and Causal LTI Systems

3.12 Invertible and Stable LTI Systems

3.13 Examples of LTI System Properties

Problem Set 09 - Properties of Convolution


3.14 Differential and Difference Equations

3.15 Programming of Difference Equations

Problem Set 10 - Differential and Difference Equations



Module 07 - The Continuous-Time Fourier series





This module begins the second half of the material: The analysis of signals and systems in frequency instead of time. The ability to characterize signals and systems in terms of frequency has far-reaching consequences and applications including medical imaging, mp3 compression, and wireless communication.



4.1 Motivation and History of Fourier

4.2 Construction of the CT Fourier Series

4.3 Examples Finding the CT Fourier Series 1

4.4 Examples Finding the CT Fourier Series 2

Problem Set 11 - Continuous-Time Fourier Series



module 08 - properties of the continuous-time fourier series, programming the synthesis





Properties of the Fourier series allow for the speedy calculation of the Fourier series for more complicated signals. These properties also provide insight into how adjustments in time affect the frequency content of the signals. Also covered in this module is how to program the Fourier series synthesis, reconstructing a periodic signal by adding its individual frequency components together.



4.5 Properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series 1

4.6 Properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series 2

4.7 Examples Using the Properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series 1

4.8 Examples Using the Properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series 2

4.9 Examples Using the Properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series 3

4.10 Programming Continuous-Time Fourier Series Synthesis

Problem Set 12 - Properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series



Module 09 - The Discrete-time fourier series and its properties





Similar to its continuous-time counterpart, the discrete-time Fourier series characterizes the frequency of periodic signals, but in discrete time.



5.1 Constructing the Discrete-Time Fourier Series

5.2 Example Finding the Discrete-Time Fourier Series 1a

5.2 Example Finding the Discrete-Time Fourier Series 1b

5.3 Example Finding the Discrete-Time Fourier Series 2

5.4 Programming Discrete-Time Fourier Series Synthesis

Problem Set 13 - Discrete-Time Fourier Series


5.5 Properties of DT Fourier Series

5.6 Example Using DT Fourier Series Properties 1

5.7 Example Using DT Fourier Series Properties 2

Problem Set 14 - Properties of Discrete-Time Fourier Series



Module 10 - Fourier series and lti systems





Studying how the Fourier series coefficients of a signal are affected as a signal passes through LTI systems allows us to understand how the systems shape frequency bands. This, in turn, allows for designs and applications never possible by time-based analysis alone.



6.1 "Why Fourier Series Again?"

6.2 Example Frequency Response and Fourier Series

6.3 Filtering

6.4 RC Circuit As a Filter

6.5 Programming RC Filter and Differentiator

Problem Set 15 - Fourier Series and LTI Systems



Module 11 - The continuous-time Fourier transform





The Fourier transform does everything the Fourier series does but for both periodic and aperiodic signals, making it more applicable than the Fourier series.



7.1 Introduction to the CT Fourier Transform

7.2 Construction of the CT Fourier Transform

7.3 Examples Finding the CT Fourier Transform 1

7.4 Examples Finding the CT Fourier Transform 2

7.5 Examples Finding the CT Fourier Transform 3

Problem Set 16 - Continuous-Time Fourier Transform Basics


7.6 The CT Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals

7.7 Examples of CT Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals 1

7.8 Examples of CT Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals 2a

7.8 Examples of CT Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals 2b

Problem Set 17 - Continuous-Time Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals



module 12 - properties of continuous-time fourier transform, frequency response and differential equations





Properties of the continuous-time Fourier transform allow for the rapid calculation of Fourier transforms of more complicated signals, as well as provide insight as to how time adjustments affect signal frequency content. Differential equations can be used to model the behavior of causal LTI systems, from which we can deduce a frequency response.



7.9 Fourier Transform Properties 1

7.10 Fourier Transform Properties 2

7.11 Fourier Transform Properties 3

7.12 Tables of Signal-Transform Pairs and CTFT Properties

7.13 Examples Using the CT Fourier Transform Properties 1

7.14 Examples Using the CT Fourier Transform Properties 2

7.15 Example Using the CT Fourier Transform Properties 3

7.16 Example Using the CT Fourier Transform Properties 4

Problem Set 18 - Properties of the Continuous-Time Fourier Transform


7.17 CT Fourier Transform and Differential Equations 1

7.18 CT Fourier Transform and Differential Equations 2

7.19 Frequency Response and CTFT Block Diagrams

7.20 Simple Application of Fourier Transforms

Problem Set 19 - Differential Equations and Frequency Response



module 13 - The Discrete-Time fourier Transform





The discrete-time Fourier transform does everything the Fourier series does but for periodic and aperiodic signals, making it more applicable than the Fourier series.



8.1 Construction of DT Fourier Transform

8.2 Example Finding the DT Fourier Transform 1

8.3 Example Finding the DT Fourier Transform 2

8.4 The DT Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals

8.5 Example of DT Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals 1

8.6 Example of DT Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals 2

Problem Set 20 - Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Basics



module 14 - properties of the Discrete-Time fourier transform





Properties of the discrete-time Fourier transform allow for the rapid calculation of the Fourier transform of more complicated signals, as well as provide insight into how time adjustments affect signal frequency content.



8.7 Properties of the DT Fourier Transform 1

8.8 Properties of the DT Fourier Transform 2

8.9 Tables of Signal-Transform Pairs and DTFT Properties

8.10 Examples Using DT Fourier Transform Properties 1

8.11 Example Using DT Fourier Transform Properties 2

8.12 Example Using DT Fourier Transform Properties 3

8.13 Examples Using DT Fourier Transform Properties 4

8.14 Example Using DT Fourier Transform Properties 5

Problem Set 21 - Properties of Discrete-Time Fourier Transform



module 15 - frequency response and difference equations





Difference equations can be sued to model the behavior of causal discrete-time LTI systems, from which we can deduce a frequency response.



8.15 DT Fourier Transforms and Difference Equations

8.16 Examples of DT Fourier Transforms and Difference Equations 1

8.17 Examples of DT Fourier Transforms and Difference Equations 2

8.18 Example of DT Fourier Transform and Difference Equations 3

9.1 Concluding Remarks

Problem Set 22 - Difference Equations and Frequency Response





Email



paul@paulkump.com